1. INITIATION

The first step to DNA replication is initiation.

• Helicase binds near the end of the DNA strand and moves in the 5' to 3' direction, unwinding the DNA strands.
• Single Strand Binding Proteins (SSBP) stablizes the unwound strands
• 'Y' shaped replication forks form at the end of the bubble
• Toperisomerase II relieves the built up tension in the strands from the unwinding process

2. ELONGATION

The second step to DNA replication is elongation.

• Leading Strand

  DNA polymerase III catalyzes and adds complementary nucleotides to the 5' to 3' strand.

• Lagging Strand

  Synthesizes in fragments called Okazaki Fragments

  RNA Primers are synthesized by primase enzyme and are placed on the Okazaki Fragments

  DNA Polymerase III is now able to add complementary nucleotides on the 3' to 5' strand.

  Once the DNA Polymerase reaches the end of the fragment, DNA Polymerase I removes the RNA primer.

  Ligase closes the gaps between the fragments

3. TERMINATION

The final step to DNA replication is termination.

• DNA strands reind into a helical structure
• The new strands are separated

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